SEOUL — The election of Donald Trump has sparked a surge of curiosity in the USA in South Korea’s 4B motion, a radical feminist campaign that preaches the 4 B’s: bi-hon (no marriage), bi-yeonae (no courting), bi-sekseu (no intercourse) and bi-chulsan (no childbirth).
Since Nov. 5, there have been greater than 500,000 Google searches for “4b movement,” whereas on TikTok, Instagram and X, help for the trigger has been trending amongst younger ladies voters who’re vowing to swear off males.
“Ladies, we need to start considering the 4B movement like the women in South Korea and give America a severely sharp birth rate decline,” learn one put up on X with over 450,000 likes.
“We can’t let these men have the last laugh… we need to bite back”
“Reminder that the 4B movement, and the separatist movement in general, isn’t just about avoiding men—it’s also about supporting and investing in women,” learn one other.
Right here’s what to know concerning the motion and its impression in South Korea:
What’s the 4B motion and when did it come about?
Whereas its precise origins or founder is unknown, students and activists agree that the 4B motion started in South Korea someday after 2015, as a part of a wider wave of youth-led radical feminism popularized by on-line boards.
Its emergence coincided with a number of main occasions which have fueled a wider reckoning of South Korea’s gender inequalities within the office and violence towards ladies.
One in every of these occasions was the homicide of a younger girl in a public rest room in Seoul’s rich Gangnam district in 2016. The assailant, a 34-year-old male with a historical past of psychological sickness, later testified to police that he had stabbed the lady — whom he didn’t know — as a result of he had been shunned by ladies prior to now.
A lady enters a sales space to forged her early vote for a presidential election at an area polling station in Seoul in March 2022.
(Ahn Younger-joon/Related Press)
The motion was spurred additional by the #MeToo motion’s arrival in South Korea in 2018, the 12 months that additionally noticed mass public protests towards the widespread circulation of nonconsensual pornography.
“For women, love, dating, marriage and childbirth were no longer perceived as refuges of peace and safety, but the site of exposure to male violence and subordination,” feminist scholar Yoon-kim Ji-young wrote in 2020, describing the 4B motion as “the complete severing of any emotional, mental, financial or physical dependence on men.”
Lately, some adherents have expanded the motion right into a variant often known as 6B, which additionally requires bi-sobi (no consumption of merchandise that endorse misogyny or have interaction in sexist advertising and marketing) and bi-dop-bi — solidarity between single ladies.
Regardless of bursts of virality and media protection, the motion continues to be removed from mainstream, and given its decentralized on-line existence, there isn’t a concrete information on what number of South Korean ladies actively establish as “4B.”
One of the crucial widespread methods for adherents to sign their dedication is to share social media posts with 4B-related hashtags, similar to funding suggestions for ladies’s monetary independence and images showcasing fortunately single lives.
Some cities, Daejeon and Gwangju amongst them, even have 4B-themed offline communities the place followers can socialize by sports activities, e book golf equipment or skills-building workshops.
Some feminist students and activists in South Korea have criticized these lifestyle-oriented features of the 4B motion, arguing that particular person acts of opting out finally do little to meaningfully advance ladies’s intercourse and reproductive rights in society at massive. “At the center of young women’s commitment to 4B is the desire to focus on themselves,” feminist scholar Cho Joo-hyun wrote in 2020.
“The logical endpoint of that is becoming a successful individual in neoliberal society,”
The place does South Korea stand on gender equality?
By many gender equality metrics, South Korea lags behind a lot of the industrialized world.
The wage hole between women and men is the biggest among the many 38-member Group for Financial Cooperation and Improvement (OECD), a gaggle of rich international locations, with South Korean ladies paid on common a 3rd lower than their male counterparts. Within the World Financial Discussion board’s 2023 International Gender Hole Index, which measures gender parity throughout financial alternatives, schooling, well being and political management in 146 international locations, South Korea is ranked a hundred and fifth.
Disparities stay stark within the residence as nicely. In households the place each spouses work, ladies spend a median of 187 minutes a day on home work whereas males spend just below one-third of that — 54 minutes — in response to authorities information from 2019.
Violence towards ladies has additionally been criticized as an space of lengthy neglect. Relationship violence has seen a pointy enhance within the nation of 51 million, rising from 49,225 reported instances in 2020 to 77,150 final 12 months, in response to police. As well as, ladies within the nation are victimized by deep-fake pornography on the highest charges on this planet, in response to an evaluation of on-line content material between July and August final 12 months by U.S.-based cyber-security agency Safety Hero.
In South Korea’s final election, conservative President Yoon Suk Yeol’s marketing campaign was extensively criticized for making misogynist appeals to younger male voters, with Yoon denying that structural sexism exists and promising to boost penalties for false rape accusations.
Has the 4B motion managed to tug down South Korea’s birthrate?
Regardless of claims on social media that the 4B motion is behind South Korea’s dismal fertility charge, there’s little proof to again this up.
South Korea’s fertility charge — the common variety of youngsters a girl has in her lifetime — presently sits at 0.72, the bottom on this planet and much beneath the two.1 wanted to take care of a steady inhabitants. Like most superior economies, South Korea’s fertility charge has steadily been falling since 1980. Researchers have attributed its first vital dip in 2001 — to “lowest-low” ranges of beneath 1.3 — to the labor market shocks attributable to the 1997 Asian Monetary Disaster.
In newer years, rising housing and child-rearing prices in addition to office pressures forcing ladies to decide on between motherhood and their careers have pushed the determine down even additional.
And whereas it’s true that younger South Koreans are more and more disillusioned with marriage in favor of childless or single life, these adjustments are usually not unique to ladies. Right this moment, simply 28% of South Korean ladies and 42% of males of their 20s see marriage as crucial, dropping from round 50% and 70% in 2008, in response to authorities information.